std::vector<T> (HEAP) CircularBuffer<T, N> (STACK) Vector A (16B) Vector B (32B) Vector C (16B) Vector D (16B) Free Slot (16B) Free Slot (32B) Request E (48B) > Max Hole (32B) OOM FAULT [0] Data 0 HEAD [1] Data 1 [2] Data 2 [3] Data 3 [4] Data 4 [5] Data 5 [6] Data 6 TAIL [7] Empty Slot
$\sum \text{Free} = 48\text{B} \ge 48\text{B}_{req} \implies \text{OOM}$
$\text{Capacity} = N \implies O(1) \text{ Deterministic}$