SOIL SENSOR

FDR / TDR

$\text{VWC}$

$22.5\%$

LoRaWAN NODE

868 MHz

Telemetry Packet

Uplink

CLOUD RULES ENGINE

$\text{VWC} < \text{VWC}_{\text{target}}$

Threshold Logic

FMIS

Crop Database

LOCAL SCADA

Irrigation Command

Modbus / TCP

FIELD PLC

24V Actuation

SOLENOID VALVE

DRIP LINES

CLOSED-LOOP WATER RETURN & MOISTURE RECHARGE